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C-Sections For Dogs: When Is It Necessary?

C-Sections For Dogs: When Is It Necessary?

Emergency c-sections can be performed if a dog is in labor but things aren't going smoothly, but in sometimes an elective c-section could be a good option if your pet faces an increased risk of complications. Today our Lancaster vets share more about labor in dogs and when to head to the vet for a c-section.

Pregnancy In Dogs

Dogs are only pregnant for 63 days! If your pet needs a c-section there is a very short window of only 4 days when a safe elective c-section can be performed (days 61 – 65) after ovulation (not after impregnation).

When puppies are ready to be born naturally they will produce a surge of cortisol which initiates labor in the mother.

Natural Labor In Dogs & When To Seek Emergency Help

Your dog's labor naturally occurs in 3 stages, and complications can occur at any point along the way. It's important to know the signs of problems.

Stage 1
  • Stage 1 of your dog's labor can last anywhere from 6-12 hours and is characterized by behavior changes such as shivering, panting, or other noticeable signs of anxiety. Once the cervix is dilated your dog's labor will move on to stage 2. If after 12 hours your dog isn't showing any signs of stage 2 labor, call your vet right away!  An emergency c-section may be required.
Stage 2
  • Stage 2 of your dog's labor is the delivery of her puppies. You will be able to see her strain and contract. Within the first 1-2 hours of this stage a puppy should be born. If after 2 hours no puppies have arrived, call your vet, or visit the nearest 24/7 animal emergency clinic straight away. Your dog may need an emergency c-section. If your dog delivers a puppy normally, she will then move on to stage 3.
Stage 3
  • Stage 3 of your dog's labor should begin between 5-15 minutes after a puppy arrives, this is when the placenta is delivered. Discharge is normal at this point and should be expected.
Repeat
  • If all is going well your dog will alternate between Stage 2 and Stage 3 as each of the puppies is born.

The amount of time that your dog rests between each birth will vary, but it can be as long as 4 hours. If you know that there are more puppies but it has been over 4 hours since the previous puppy was born, head to your nearest emergency vet for urgent care. Your dog might need a c-section.

Signs Of Complications With Your Dog's Labor

Below are a few more signs to watch for that may indicate that your dog is having difficulties delivering her puppies and needs emergency veterinary care.

  • Your dog is actively pushing for 30-60 minutes without a puppy emerging.
  • Feeble contractions for 2 hours or more without producing a puppy
  • Signs of illness like vomiting, fever, pain and bloody discharge.

If your dog is in labor and displays any of the symptoms above, take her to your vet or emergency vet immediately.

When Elective C-Sections Are Recommended

While many healthy pregnancies in dogs can proceed unaided, in some circumstances an elective c-section may be recommended. Your dog may need a scheduled c-section if:

  • There is only one puppy - (it may not produce enough cortisol to induce labor in the mother)
  • Puppies are very large
  • Your dog suffers from any underlying health conditions

If your dog needs a c-section it's likely to be scheduled 63 days from ovulation, which should put the procedure within 24 hours of your dog's ideal due date.

How To Prepare for Your Dog's C-Section

Leading up to your pup's c-section there are a number of things you can do to prepare:

  • Cease the use of flea and tick products on your dog 1 week before her c-section
  • Apply an Adaptil (DAP) collar 3 days before the scheduled surgery
  • Bathe your dog 1-2 days before the surgery so that she is as clean as possible at the time of her c-section
  • Do not feed your dog on the day of the surgery
  • Speak to your vet about any medications your dog is taking- they will let you know if you should withhold medications on the day of surgery
  • Water may be given until you leave for the vet's office

What to Take With You To Your Vet's Office

There are a number of things that you should take along when it's time to head to the vet for your dog's c-section, including:

  • Your fully-charged cell phone
  • Tarp, table cloth or other easy clean covering for your seats or carpets in the car
  • Large crate to keep your dog in
  • Blankets and towels
  • Heating pad and a way to power it - to keep puppies warm
  • Plastic laundry basket, ice cooler without the lid, or strong cardboard box to carry puppies home in safely
  • Bulb syringe and DeeLee mucus trap, in case your dog gives birth en route to the vet's office

What to Expect On Surgery Day

Most vets will ask that arrive an hour or two before the scheduled c-section surgery. Common procedures leading up to a c-section include:

  • Vaginal examination to check for signs of active labor
  • Imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound
  • Placement of an IV catheter
  • Shaving your dog's abdomen
  • Blood tests
  • Wrapping tail to keep clean

Once all of the pre-op procedures are completed your dog will be taken to the surgery suite where she will receive anesthesia and the c-section will be performed.

After Your Dog's C-Section Surgery

When you return home it will be necessary to monitor your dog and her puppies carefully. Your vet will provide you with detailed instructions on caring for and monitoring the puppies and mom, as well as any pain medications prescribed for your dog.

Following your vet's instructions carefully can help you to spot any issues right away before they become more severe.

When To Call The Vet

How long it will take for your dog to recover from her c-section will vary based on her overall health, difficulties during pregnancy, and other factors. Most dogs will fully recover within about 3 weeks.

If your dog shows signs of fever, stops eating, isn't drinking, develops a swollen mammary gland, or shows signs of infection at the incision site it's time for an urgent call to your vet.

Also contact your vet if the puppies aren't nursing well, seem fussy, have dark-colored urine or aren't gaining weight

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.

Is your dog pregnant? Contact our Lancaster veterinary team to schedule an examination for your dog. Our vets have experience providing dogs with c-section surgeries to safely produce healthy puppies.

Welcome New Patients

Sears Veterinary Hospital is now welcoming new cat and dog patients! We have a talented veterinary team that is passionate about providing the pets of Lancaster with the best care possible. Contact our office to book your cat or dog's first appointment today.

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